While consumer software steals global headlines in technology-focused media, the embedded systems-driven revolution, particularly in the aerospace and defense sectors, often goes under the radar. Over the last four decades, I have experienced the evolution from 8-bit microcontrollers to advanced System-on-Chip (SoC) designs.
Modern systems must ensure high performance and security while adhering to strict power, size, and weight limits. While inconvenient, a smartphone app malfunction usually does not result in the catastrophic loss of life that the failure of an aircraft flight control system would. Aerospace and defense systems also need long-term support and high-end upgrades, which further adds to their complexity.
Although consumer applications are usually the center of attention, embedded systems power crucial aerospace and defense technologies from enabling encrypted communication to managing weapons and surveillance. As the modern market environment continues to evolve rapidly in the face of technological developments and fluctuating industry demands, I share my thoughts on their implications for the aerospace and defense industries.
Advanced Chip Designs and FPGAs
SoC designs integrated with Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are revolutionizing aerospace and defense. These hybrid chips combine FPGA flexibility with dedicated processors, enabling more compact, power-efficient systems.
FPGAs are crucial in space applications, handling payload processing, telemetry, and command functions while meeting strict power and space constraints. Their re-programmability allows in-field updates, extending system lifespans—essential in modern warfare where electronic and cyber threats evolve rapidly.
AI and Machine Learning Integration
AI is increasingly prevalent in embedded aerospace and defense systems, enhancing safety, fault monitoring, and decision-making in avionics. AI-powered FPGAs enable compute-intensive tasks within embedded systems, supporting predictive maintenance, autonomous navigation, and real-time threat analysis.
Swarm Drones and Autonomous Systems
Swarm drones and autonomous systems demand real-time processing, advanced sensor fusion, and robust communication. Embedded systems that manage complex swarm coordination and autonomous decision-making within strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints are revolutionizing surveillance, search-and-rescue, and disaster response.
Edge Computing and IoT
IoT and sensor advancements are driving greater processing power at the edge. Embedded systems now handle sensor data locally, reducing latency and bandwidth use. This shift enables more feature-rich, safety-enhanced products, supporting applications like battlefield management and satellite communications.
Cybersecurity in Embedded Systems
With increased connectivity, cybersecurity is a critical concern. Embedding security features at the hardware level, leveraging FPGA technologies with integrated cryptographic blocks and secure boot capabilities, is essential. These protections safeguard sensitive military communications, control systems, and infrastructure from evolving cyber threats.
Safety and Certification
As embedded systems grow more complex, safety and reliability remain paramount. Rigorous certification processes, such as DO-178C for software, DO-254 for hardware, and ARP-4754A for Systems, ensure compliance. A comprehensive systems engineering approach—from requirements to verification—guarantees that solutions meet the highest safety standards.
MBSE Revolution in Aerospace and Defense
The U.S. government’s mandate for Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) marks a shift from document-centric to model-centric design. MBSE improves cross-disciplinary communication, enhances traceability, reduces errors, and accelerates design iterations and overall system maintainability. This methodology streamlines development, creating more reliable systems while reducing costs and time.
Low-Code Embedded Software Development
As embedded systems grow more complex, interest in low-code development platforms is increasing. These tools speed up development, reduce entry barriers, and enable rapid prototyping. While unsuitable for all safety-critical systems, low-code solutions prove valuable in user interface design and non-critical components.
The Ever-Widening Gap in Skilled Talent
Aerospace and defense face a talent gap due to retirements and a younger workforce unfamiliar with legacy systems. The industry must balance retaining institutional knowledge while embracing new perspectives and digital tools.
Bridging the Gap: A Four-Pronged Approach
1. Knowledge Transfer Programs: Implement structured mentoring to preserve expertise by pairing seasoned engineers with new teams.
2. Continuous Learning Support: Offer ongoing training in both foundational aerospace principles and emerging technologies.
3. Collaborative Team Integration: Form cross-generational teams to foster innovation while maintaining industry knowledge.
4. Guided MBSE Adoption: Support gradual MBSE implementation to ease the transition and refine processes.
Managing the Transition: Systems, Processes, and People
Successfully navigating the evolution of embedded systems requires a three-level holistic approach addressing systems, processes, and people.
Systems Level
• Invest in robust MBSE tools aligned with long-term goals.
• Ensure interoperability between new and legacy systems.
• Implement version control and model management practices.
• Develop a phased roadmap for system upgrades to minimize disruptions.
Process Level
• Establish clear MBSE implementation guidelines tailored to organizational needs.
• Define metrics to measure process effectiveness and project outcomes.
• Encourage continuous feedback loops for improvement.
• Adopt agile methodologies to enhance flexibility and responsiveness.
People Level
• Provide extensive MBSE training with ongoing resources.
• Foster an innovation-driven, learning-oriented culture.
• Balance technical expertise with adaptability.
• Establish mentorship programs to bridge the generational knowledge gap.
The Future of Embedded Systems
The future of embedded systems in aerospace and defense lies in increased integration, intelligence, and adaptability. The industry remains committed to pushing technological boundaries, ensuring the development of secure, capable, and efficient next-generation systems. By prioritizing high-quality, safe, and efficient embedded solutions, aerospace and defense continue to shape the future of both civilian and military applications.
