The Internet of Things (IoT) has taken over the conventional methods used in industries. it is simply a network of connected devices which interact with one another to exchange information, collect data, and use it to make optimum decisions. Gadgets with IoT devices are capable of performing more efficiently. They can also adapt to the environment to which they are exposed. IoT has also changed the face of today’s industries. To list a few advancements boosting production rate, product improvement, data-based analysis, risk reduction in business, and so on.
Automotive giants are focused on self-driving technology, one’s expectation of a smart car escalates rapidly. IoT plays an important role in smart vehicles by being the backbone of every automation installed in the vehicle. The use of IoT is to advance automation and increase safety features such as collision avoidance, ADAS, and so on. A significant improvement in driver-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-vehicle communication plays an important role in terms of safety and user-friendliness. Smart vehicles are the next step after electric vehicles, as they would meet the criteria set by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Level 3: Self-driving vehicles where human interference will only be in dynamic conditions.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURES IN MODERN VEHICLES
Smart vehicles possess the ability to communicate with and within the vehicle, which is where communication plays an important role in terms of safety. Various network systems are installed in vehicles that enable them to communicate effectively. Network architecture would paint a good picture of how they work and their applications.
CAN (CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK)
CAN was developed by Bosch in the mid-1980s and happens to be one of the best control networks; it is still used by almost all automotive manufacturers. To put it simply: It is a bus carrying data for real-time applications; they are classified based on their data transfer rate. The low-speed CANs have 125-Kbps data rates and are used in vehicle comfort electronics, window control, etc. High-speed CANs have 1-Mbps data rates and are used in more critical features like anti-lock braking systems, cruise control, engine management, etc.
LIN (LOCAL INTERCONNECT NETWORK)
It was first introduced in 1999 as a transfer bus. Currently, it is used in automotive network architecture. It is a slow and small network system and is used as a sub-network of the CAN bus. They are used to connect sensors or actuators to the system. The LIN-bus system is an alternative to the CAN-bus system, in cases where CAN is inapplicable.
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
GPS is the most common network provided in vehicles, they navigate the driver to the destination via the path with the least traffic. It helps to keep track of vehicles in case of emergency and not to violate the privacy of an individual. GPS performs its functions by communicating with the satellite system GNSS (global network satellite system), which enables them to share speed, location, time, etc.
MOST (MEDIA ORIENTED SYSTEMS TRANSPORT)
MOST is the network architecture developed to tackle the media and infotainment system of the vehicle. The increase in media-related functions, such as sound systems, video players, voice input, etc., led to the development of MOST, as they demand high-bandwidth network architecture. MOST is the most cost-effective method in the market to deal with audio, video, and data transmission.
IOT-BASED SYSTEMS
IoT plays a major role in automation via sensors and actuators, as it has increased the level of comfort and safety of current vehicles. IoT can introduce advanced technology in vehicles, level up the standard, and ultimately support a smart vehicle. Various applications of IoT systems in present vehicles are listed below.
ADAS (ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM)
The ultimate goal of ADAS is to provide the utmost safety. Based on a survey, it is noted that the majority of accidents occur due to the driver’s fault. This factor is majorly targeted by ADAS to prevent unfortunate accidents. ADAS has a number of systems, such as adaptive cruise control, automatic parking, driver fatigue alarm, etc. ADAS is also gaining more accuracy and refinement, as sensors are at its peak in vehicles. The rapid growth and demand for IoT devices have improved the systems’ functioning. ADAS has enhanced the driving experience a lot as it falls under SAE Level 2, where the vehicle has control over the accelerator and steering.
SMART SECURITY
Smart security is a crucial aspect of vehicle safety; it enables the vehicle to send an SMS (short message service) to the owner when certain activity is picked up by sensors. The vehicle can be locked or unlocked by a single SMS sent by the owner. The safety features of the vehicle can also be accessed by the company in case of special situations.
INFOTAINMENT SYSTEM
The infotainment system is the one that interacts a lot — wireless technologies like Bluetooth and NFC are used to connect to the infotainment system via smartphone. Various other functions are available where commands can be given over voice to play music, switch, pause, play a video, etc. without lifting a finger. The infotainment system also provides navigation service with the help of GNSS to the nearest fuel pump, hospital, pharmacy, etc.
CONNECTED VEHICLES
Vehicles connected to networks over IoT devices are termed cellular vehicles. This connectivity enables them to perform functions like collision detection, sharing speed, location, and route to suggest the best navigation path, etc. There are two types of modes in cellular vehicles, namely device-to-device and device-to-network.
 has taken over the conventional methods used in industries. it is simply a network of connected devices){kind=link}